tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28960491852254374392024-03-05T09:47:17.734-05:00Shas / Daf : Kiddushin & Yuchsin & MakkosGemara and Torah topics, beginning with Asara Yuchsin / end of Kiddushin, and the beginning of Even Haezer. And Gemara Makos. ITEMS ON BLOG ARE NOT PISKEI HALACHA.The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.comBlogger257125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-71462925253792382292024-01-14T23:50:00.002-05:002024-01-14T23:50:48.000-05:00Chodosh Guide 2023-24unfortunately probably the last guide.
Also check out <a href="yoshon.com">yoshon.com</a>
<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View Chodosh Guide 2023 Complete on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/698947734/Chodosh-Guide-2023-Complete#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Chodosh Guide 2023 Complete</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="Chodosh Guide 2023 Complete" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/698947734/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-Fa8mgUS55qjj42VgrLPK" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" scrolling="no" id="doc_27113" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe> The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-75549454501147290412023-01-29T12:06:00.004-05:002023-01-29T12:06:46.796-05:00Real Agunah Story (but not Jewish)<p>A woman whose husband disappeared (a real aguna, though she was not Jewish) and was declared dead has now found out her husband is still alive.</p><p>This possibility is why Jewish Law has specific thresholds until a missing man can be declared dead according to Halacha. The sages (Chazal) knew how important it was to be able to reach this threshold so they were lenient in expanding the allowed witness pool, accepting testimony about the missing's person alleged death by certain classes of people whose testimony s generally not accepted.</p><p>Sourcer: <a href="https://nypost.com/2023/01/18/carole-baskins-dead-husband-found-alive-last-year-but-no-one-noticed/?s=03">Carole Baskin: 'Dead’ husband found alive but no one noticed (nypost.com)</a></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The “Tiger King” star declared that her missing <a href="https://nypost.com/2023/01/19/carole-baskins-claim-that-ex-don-lewis-is-alive-shot-down-by-sheriff/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ex-husband, Don Lewis, was found alive in Costa Rica</a>, but the discovery is just now going viral — over a year later.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">During a resurfaced November 2021 interview with <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/tiger-king-star-carole-baskin-is-glad-to-hear-ex-husband-is-apparently-alive-and-well-in-costa-rica-12471795" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">ITV’s “This Morning” talk show</a>, Baskin, 61, alleged that her ex, who was declared legally dead in 2002 after disappearing a few years before, was actually alive and well.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, not everyone is buying it.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Baskin herself told The Post she was unaware of the alleged revelation until the sequel series was broadcast in November 2021.</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em;">“I was not aware of it until ‘TK2’ aired,” Baskin told The Post via email, as much confusion and online debate ignited on social media. The animal rights activist alleged in the</span><span style="background-color: white; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em;"> </span><a href="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/reports/a42547583/carole-baskin-husband-don-lewis-found-alive/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">resurfaced ITV footage</a><span style="background-color: white; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em;">that the Department of Homeland Security has been in touch with her former spouse.</span> </p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“One of the really exciting things that came out of ‘Tiger King 2’ is that they produced a letter from Homeland Security and it says that a special agent in charge with the FBI at Homeland Security reached out to the sheriff’s detective George [Jorge] Fernandez, which means this had to have happened after 2002 because Homeland Security wasn’t even around until 2002,” Baskin told the outlet at the time.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“<a href="https://nypost.com/web-stories/sheriff-denies-carole-baskins-claim-that-ex-husband-don-lewis-is-alive/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">They said my husband, Don Lewis, is alive and well</a> in Costa Rica,” she revealed. “And yet all of this drama has been made about me having something to do with his disappearance when Homeland Security has known where he is.”</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lewis disappeared in 1997 at the age of 59 — and would be 84 if he’s still alive today.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Post has reached out to Baskin, the Department of Homeland Security, and the FBI for further comment. Meanwhile, Florida’s Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office partially shot down Baskin’s newly viral remarks when reached for confirmation.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“We have not received any communication from our federal partners that confirms the location of missing person Mr. Don Lewis,” Fentress Fountain, public information officer for the sheriff’s office, told The Post. “The investigation into Don Lewis’ disappearance remains a priority for the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office, as do all missing person cases.”</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-g); font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lewis has not made any public statements debunking rumors that he had died.</p>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-75641615113461964122022-12-11T18:38:00.006-05:002022-12-11T18:38:57.723-05:00More Yoshon and Chodosh resources<p> This is a handy site to find info about yoshon products or the check the yoshon or chodosh status</p><p><a href="https://yoshon.com/">Home » Yoshon.com</a></p><p><a href="http://www.yoshon.com">www.yoshon.com</a></p>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-31771953757593572062022-12-11T18:37:00.003-05:002022-12-11T18:37:50.526-05:00Chodosh Guide final 2022 - 2023<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View Chodosh Main Guide 2022 Final on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/613776030/Chodosh-Main-Guide-2022-Final#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Chodosh Main Guide 2022 Final</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="Chodosh Main Guide 2022 Final" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/613776030/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-YGrxK9bj2bIzg1Mpo8Et" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" scrolling="no" id="doc_97418" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-90845380877422872192022-01-15T20:54:00.004-05:002022-01-15T20:54:55.146-05:00Chodosh Guide (preliminary)<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View Preliminary Chodosh Guide 2021 Edited on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/553132002/Preliminary-Chodosh-Guide-2021-Edited#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Preliminary Chodosh Guide 2021 Edited</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="Preliminary Chodosh Guide 2021 Edited" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/553132002/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-d2s7IVJVCWhksFAwstGW" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" scrolling="no" id="doc_76000" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-53175098326094175372021-04-19T22:17:00.008-04:002021-04-19T22:17:58.100-04:00Intermarriage in the News (Muslim & Hindu)from: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/16/style/modern-love-muslim-hindu-dating.html?campaign_id=9&emc=edit_nn_20210416&instance_id=29310&nl=the-morning&regi_id=130253421&segment_id=55696&te=1&user_id=04ea03fa0852bbd1e24cb75df52cdab8" target="_blank">NYTimes</a><div><div style="border: 0px; color: #333333; display: flex; font-family: Times; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 1.25rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; color: #121212; font-family: nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.05em; line-height: 0.75rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">MODERN LOVE</p></div><div style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Times; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 id="m_-5202236678689840987gmail-link-4dcb75bf" style="border: 0px; color: #121212; font-family: nyt-cheltenham,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 2.9375rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 200; line-height: 3.4375rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;">I Tried to Filter Him Out</h1></div><p id="m_-5202236678689840987gmail-article-summary" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: nyt-cheltenham,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.4375rem; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px auto 1.875rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">As a Pakistani Muslim, I knew that falling for a Hindu Indian would break me. And it did.</p><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px auto 1.25rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By </span><span style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Myra Farooqi</span></p></div></div></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px auto 1.25rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><span style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">April 16, 2021</span><span style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Updated <span style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">12:16 a.m. ET</span></span></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 721px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div id="m_-5202236678689840987gmail-NYT_ABOVE_MAIN_CONTENT_REGION" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div id="m_-5202236678689840987gmail-push-signup" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div></div><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
started texting during the early months of the pandemic, going back and
forth every day for hours. The stay-at-home order created a space for
us to get to know each other because neither of us had any other plans.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
built a friendship founded on our love of music. I introduced him to
the hopelessly romantic soundtrack of my life: Durand Jones & The
Indications, Toro y Moi and the band Whitney. He introduced me to
classic Bollywood soundtracks, Tinariwen and the bass-filled tracks of
Khruangbin.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
was eccentrically passionate in a way that barely annoyed me and often
inspired me. Our banter was only curtailed by bedtimes we grudgingly
enforced at 3 a.m., after eight straight hours of texting.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
had met on a dating app for South Asians called Dil Mil. My filters
went beyond age and height to exclude all non-Muslim and non-Pakistani
men. As a 25-year-old woman who grew up in the Pakistani-Muslim
community, I was all too aware of the prohibition on marrying outside of
my faith and culture, but my filters were more safeguards against
heartbreak than indications of my religious and ethnic preferences. I
simply did not want to fall for someone I couldn’t marry (not again,
anyway — I had already learned that lesson the hard way).</p></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 825px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><span style="font-size: 1.25rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">How
a passionate, quirky, ambitious, 30-year-old, Hindu Indian American
made it through my filters — whether by technical glitch or an act of
God — I’ll never know. All I know is that once he did, I fell deeply in
love with him.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
lived in San Francisco while I was quarantining seven hours south. I
had already planned to move up north, but Covid and the forest fires
delayed those plans. By August, I finally made the move — both to my new
home and on him.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
drove two hours to pick me up bearing gag gifts that represented inside
jokes we had shared during our two-month texting phase. I already knew
everything about this man except his touch, his essence and his voice.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">After
two months of effortless communication, we approached this meeting
desperate to be as perfect in person. The pressure to be nothing less
overwhelmed us until he turned some music on. Dre’es’s “Warm” played and
everything else fell into place — soon we were laughing like old
friends.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
went to the beach and shopped for plants. At his apartment, he made me
drinks and dinner. The stove was still on when my favorite Toro y Moi
song, “Omaha,” came on. He stopped cooking to deliver a cheesy line that
was quickly overshadowed by a passionate kiss. In this pandemic, it was
just us, with our favorite music accompanying every moment.</p></div><div id="m_-5202236678689840987gmail-c-col-editors-picks" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 210px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 210px;"><h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 226, 226); border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-family: nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 12px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></h2><h3 style="border-bottom: none; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,"times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 17px; margin: auto 0px auto 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></h3></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 255px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">On
our fourth date, he transformed his apartment into The Fillmore venue
to create a concert at home. He scanned my fake ticket, took my coat,
made a gaudy cocktail and ushered me to the dimly lit dance floor where
we danced terribly, but always in each other’s arms.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
ended the set with Leon Bridges’s song, “Beyond,” one I had heard many
times. He held me tight and whispered, “I was afraid to show you this
song, but here it is.</p></div></div><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(226,226,226); box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0.5rem auto 1.5rem; max-width: 600px; padding: 1.25rem; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><div style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(226,226,226); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font: inherit; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 390px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
swayed slowly as I listened to the lyrics: “I’m scared to death that
she might be it … That the love is real, that the shoe might fit …”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">I
avoided eye contact with him, but I gripped the back of his flannel
shirt tighter because I knew what line was coming: “Will she be my
wife?”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
wasn’t crazy, and it was not too soon, because I felt the same. After
having endured several dead-end relationships with non-Muslims and
Muslims alike, here he was at last, the man I was supposed to be with. I
knew it was time to have the big<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </em>conversation with him — the one in which I remind him that I am Muslim.</p></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 885px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">On
our fifth date, we drank white wine on a semi-quiet San Francisco
street corner. I asked if he was ready to hear more about my family and
religion.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“Yes,” he said.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">I said, “Do you understand what it means to be with a Muslim girl?”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
began to ramble about his academic curiosity for the Quran and
spirituality, and his eagerness to raise children in an interfaith
household.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“If
we decide to be together,” I said, “you need to understand that the
only way forward is for you to convert. It won’t make things easy, but
it will make things possible.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">His answer came too fast for comfort: “I’m game.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">How could he be so certain?</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“Sometimes,” he said, “you are willing to change your whole future for one person.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">He
and I continued to date for the rest of the year, fleeing from the
societal expectations of our families and communities — fleeing, really,
from any expectations at all. In our Covid bubble, we said “I love you”
too soon, didn’t listen to our friends when they urged us to take it
slow and ignored the harsh familial realities ahead of us.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">I
hadn’t told my mother anything about him, not a word, despite being
months into the most consequential romantic relationship of my life. But
Thanksgiving was fast approaching, when we each would return to our
families.</p></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 930px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">This
love story may have been his and mine, but without my mother’s
approval, there would be no path forward. She was born and raised in
Karachi, Pakistan. To expect her to understand how I fell in love with a
Hindu would require her to unlearn all the traditions and customs with
which she had been raised. I promised myself to be patient with her.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">I
was scared to raise the subject, but I wanted to share my happiness.
With just the two of us in my bedroom, she began complaining about Covid
spoiling my marriage prospects, at which point I blurted the truth: I
already had met the man of my dreams.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“Who?” she said. “Is he Muslim?”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">When I said no, she shrieked.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“Is he Pakistani?”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">When I said no, she gasped.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“Can he speak Urdu or Hindi?”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">When I said no, she started to cry.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">But as I spoke about my relationship with him, and the fact that he had pledged to convert for me, she softened.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“I
have never seen you talk about anyone like this,” she said. “I know
you’re in love.” With these words of understanding, I saw that her
strict framework was ultimately less important than my happiness.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">When
I told him that my mother knew the truth, he celebrated the momentum
this development promised. However, in the coming weeks, he grew anxious
that her approval was entirely predicated on him converting.</p></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 1020px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">We
each returned home once more for the December holidays, and that’s when
I felt the foundation of my relationship with him begin to crack. With
every delayed response to my texts, I knew something had changed. And
indeed, everything had.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">When
he told his parents that he was thinking of converting for me, they
broke down, crying, begging, pleading with him not to abandon his
identity. We were two people who were able to defy our families and lean
on serendipitous moments, lucky numbers and astrology to prove we
belonged together. But we only searched for signs because we ran out of
solutions.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">Finally, he called, and we spoke, but it didn’t take long to know where things stood.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">“I will never convert to Islam,” he said. “Not nominally, not religiously.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">More
quickly than he had declared “I’m game” on that sunny San Francisco
afternoon all those months ago, I said, “Then that’s it.”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">Many
people will never understand the requirements of marrying a Muslim. For
me, the rules about marriage are stubborn, and the onus of sacrifice
lies with the non-Muslim whose family is presumably more open to the
possibility of interfaith relationships. Many will say it’s selfish and
incongruous that a non-Muslim must convert for a Muslim. To them I would
say I cannot defend the arbitrary limitations of Muslim love because I
have been broken by them. I lost the man I thought I would love forever.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">For
a while I blamed my mother and religion, but it’s hard to know how
strong our relationship really was with the music turned off. We loved
in a pandemic, which was not the real world. Our romance was insulated
from the ordinary conflicts of balancing work, friends and family. We
were isolated both by our forbidden love and a global calamity, which
surely deepened what we felt for each other. What we had was real, but
it wasn’t enough.</p></div></div><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1905px;"></div><div style="border: 0px; display: flex; font: inherit; height: 90px; margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px;"><div style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"><p style="border: 0px; font-family: nyt-imperial,georgia,"times new roman",times,serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">I
have since watched Muslim friends marry converts. I know it’s possible
to share a love so endless that it can overcome these obstacles. But for
now, I will keep my filters on.</p></div></div><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.375rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;">Myra Farooqi attends law school in California.</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.375rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"></p></div>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-721091354961290712021-02-17T09:44:00.004-05:002021-02-17T09:44:57.154-05:00Chodosh Guide (Final) 2020-21Thanks to Mrs. Rosskam
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="Main Guide 2020 Final" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/494515625/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-VUyUhqrqkmIXbVo66NzN" data-auto-height="true" data-aspect-ratio="0.7729220222793488" scrolling="no" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe><p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;" ><a title="View Main Guide 2020 Final on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/494515625/Main-Guide-2020-Final#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">Main Guide 2020 Final</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">shasdaf</a></p>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-10912090488865018862020-09-21T18:27:00.003-04:002020-09-21T18:28:24.342-04:00Chodosh Guide (Preliminary) 2020-21<p>This will be revised soon.</p> <p>
<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View Chodosh Preliminary Guide 2020 Draft 2 on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/476930340/Chodosh-Preliminary-Guide-2020-Draft-2#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Chodosh Preliminary Guide 2020 Draft 2</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="Chodosh Preliminary Guide 2020 Draft 2" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/476930340/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-JWbeivQ9ZldLEnR8kHFh" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" scrolling="no" id="doc_62468" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-76730407467951754092020-08-29T23:22:00.004-04:002020-08-29T23:22:56.964-04:00Eruvin 11 - Reb Chaim Brisker on Tzuras Hapesach<h2 dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-d72fcd53-7fff-40d6-9d5d-2ddf67cb46c8" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reb Chaim Soloveichik Brisker on Tzuras Hapesach as a wall for Shabbos and Sukkah</span></h2><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A little background</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mavuy - alleyway. Alleys in this context were surrounded by buildings. Sometimes an alley was open at only one end, and sometimes opened at both ends</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tzuras Hapesach (TP) - looks like this Π. A horizontal post (or wire) supported at each end by a vertical support post. This is actually an extended doorway - a lintel with two doorposts, which is the literal definition of this term - “the form (or shape) of a door.” </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lechi - a vertical post at the edge of an alley</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Amah (cubit) between 18-22.5 inches</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tefach - (handbreadth), between 3-4 inches</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rambam Hilchos Shabbos 16:16: any wall which was more openings than wall (meaning gaps in the wall. A chain link fence is not solid but it is a good wall) is not a wall. If the gaps were equal to the standing walls, it is permitted [to carry within those walls] as long as no gap exceeds 10 amos (between 15-20 feet). If the gap measures 10 amos it is like a door if it has a TP, even if it is larger than 10 amos it does not LOSE the wall, as long as the gaps do not exceed the walls.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rambam rules similarly in Hilchos Sukka 4:12 - A Sukka that has many doors, and the walls have many windows it is Kosher even when the gaps exceed the walls as long as no opening exceeds 10 amos. If an opening exceeded 10 amos even if it has a TP the gaps must not exceed the walls.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Magid Mishna (a commentator) asks that Eruvin 11 discusses if TP works when the gaps exceed the wall depends if TP for a gap larger than 10 amos. If TP works for a gap larger than 10 amos, it also works when the gaps exceed the walls. If so, Rambam rules here that Tp works for a gap larger than 10 amos, how can he rule TP does not work when the gaps exceed the wall? And Rambam is difficult because he rules TP does not work when the gaps exceed the walls, but he rules that a Sukka can be Kosher when the gaps exceed the walls, so the principle depends if TP works for a gap larger than 10 amos, dince it does, it doesn’t matter if the gaps exceed the walls, so how can he rule TP does not work when the gaps exceed the walls?</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rav’s opinion is TP does not work for a gap larger than 10 amos and it doesn’t work when the gaps exceed the walls. If so, what does the rule of TP mean to him at all? Since a gap less than 10 amos does not need a TP and is considered a doorway without a TP, it is not considered a breach in the wall, and one may carry within such a wall, but a gap larger than 10 amos or when gaps exceed the wallsTP does not help.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, TP works on the principle is that it works as a door [not a breach], as Rambam ruled in Shabbos Ch 16 that a TP at the edge of a wall is not effective, because people do not make a door in a corner [or at the edge]. This does not nullify the TP, but when Tp functions as a door, this rule nullifies the TP when it is at the edge. We see the nthat TP is based on the principle of a doorway. If so, a breach less than 10 amos is not a breach even when not TP, why do we need the principle of TP? The answer is they are two different principles. A door is a door and not a breach (see Eruvin 6 and Shabbos 15) it is not a “stopgap”or wall that permits an area [to carry within]. A wall (“mechitza”), and that a private domain (“Reshus hayachid”) is surrounded by walls, is made up of real walls. A door [does not make a wall,] only removes the status of a breach [which forbids carrying within the breached perimeter]. See Shabbos 15: as long as the fence is 10 tefachim highand has no gaps more than the built [portions] and any gap until 10 amos os permitted [to carry within[ because it is like a door; larger than that it is forbidden to carry within,” because there are two principles: 1) the standing wall must exceed the breaches establishes the wall around the area, thereby making it a Reshus Hayachid, 2) the status of a “doorway” which removes the status of breach which, if it would be a breach, would prohibit carrying inside. However, TP even if it works on the principle of a doorway, it is completely about establishing a wall. This is the rule of TP: With a pole on each side and a bar on top of them, and the doorway under / beneath them together are a wall. Besides for this difference between a wall and TPO - a TP is a door, not a wall - there is a difference between a breach smaller than 10 amos (which is not a breach) and a door created by a TP: a breach less than 10 amos is considered a doorway by virtue of the status of walls on either side of it (the gap: because there is a wall on the left, and a wall on the right, the gap may be considered a doorway, and it has a status of doorway because of the walls on either side of the door. However, TP is independent of walls on either side of it; the law of TP considers it a doorway even without walls on either side of it. This is understandable from the principle of walls, that the length of the walls must exceed the breaches, or must equal the size of the breaches as explained in Eruvin 15 which is a Halacha Lemoshe Misinai. For there is a question on this: Pasi Biraos (which are 4 L-shaped beams placed at corners around a central point, usually a well) are considered walls even though the length of the “breach” exceeds the length of the walls (the small L-shapes), and Eruvin 20 teaches if one throws an object from beyond the Pasi Biraos into the area enclosed by the Pasi Biraos one is liable to transferring an item between a RHY and RHR, so we see then the breach exceeds the walls it is a good wall on a Biblical level? In fact, Tosfos asked this question and answered Pasin are different because each L-shape has one amah, the breach is considered a doorway. The explanation is as I said: even though a wall (mechitza) requires the gaps to not exceed the walls, that is if the gap has the status of a breach, but here the breach is considered a door, so the breach does not concern us. This is why it matters if there is a measurable wall on the sides of a gap - without a measurable wall on either side of it, a gap is considered a breach. When it is is a breach, we need the wall to be more than the length of the breach, or equal to it (halacha dlo tifrotz rubah or gdur ruba). However, Pasi Biraos has a measurable wall on every side (1 Amah on each side of the opening for all four openings)the gap is not a breach, rather a door, so we are not concerned that the gaps exceed the walled portions. This is explicitly as we explained that a gap is considered a door when it is surrounded by a wall on either side of it. Even without this reason - it is not considered a door unless it has walls around it - we can understand the distinction of Tosfos, because the status of door only removes the status of a breach which prohibits carrying within such a wall, but does not give it (the doorway) a status of a wall. The gap only has the status of a door, but is not considered a solid partition, so we see adoor only helps when there is enough walls on either side of it, so there is a partition (wall) on either side that starts from a pillar (or edge / corner) and the status of doorways helps to not consider the gap a breach, rather a door; but when we don’t have enough partition on either side of the gap it does not help to give the gap a status of a doorway, because a doorway does not confer the status of a partition to that side [it only removes the status of breach].</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But it seems all of this is included: when there is not enough partition on either side there is no partition and no dorm and when there are partitions on either side of the gap the area is made a private domain by the partitions on either side, and there is no status of “the breach exceeds the walls”since the gap considered a door, not a breach, and to confer the status of partition (wall) on something it must be the partition exceeds the gap and the status of door does not help because a door is not a partition, and without partition on either side the gap does not attain the status of a door.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In fact this is the sugya in Sukka 4 Rav Yaakov says __diyumdi of Sukkah is one tefach, and Chachamim say you need two complete walls and the third may be one tefach. And in Sukkah 7 it learned from a Brasia Shabbos has an extra law that Sukkah doesn’t have - for Shabbos the walls must have the standing partition exceed on the gaps, but this is not needed for a Sukkah. That the gaps may exceed the walls in a Sukkah. But a Braissa that we need walls _dyumdi Sukkah so obviously gaps and doors do not contribute to the partitions and don’t make a Sukkah kosher, because the door status of a gap cannot confer the status of partition, only remove the status of a breach. However, a TP has the status of a partition and also its status of doorway does not depend on partitions on either side of it, this is the law of TP that the shape of a door - the gap and the standing parts, are together a partition.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is explained in Sukkah 7 Rav Yehuda said a Sukkah made like a mavoy (two parallel walls) is Kosher, and the additional tefach can be placed on whichever side he wants. Rav Simon, and some said Rabi Yehoshua ben Levi, make a __pas a little more than 4 tefachim, and stand it within three tefachim of a wall, and when the distance is less than three tefachim the law of lavud is applied (which considers the two pieces as touching / connected). The conclusion is you also need a TP , and the Gemara there does not distinguish if the gap is more than 10 amos or less - you always need a TPbecause we need the status of partition on the entire unwalled area, so the status of door would not help; however, a TP helps because it is considered a partition. This is because TP is considered a partition, and if so Rambam is difficult why, when you have a TP, you need the standing partition to exceed the length of gaps - why do we need that if the TP is a partition, and not a doorway, gap or breach?</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It appears Rambam hold that even though a TP has the status of a partition and can interrupt the planted area of different species of plant, and by placing a TP between them we may eat from those crops and they are not considered a forbidden mixture of two species together (kilayim) it does not complete the minimum length of partition. When you need real partitions a TP is not enough. This is explicit from Sukkah that you need TP also - for we could ask why do we have a board of 4 tefachim which completes the status of partition (wall) using lavud - let us say the T Pis a partition!Or an L-shaped Sukkah (__GAM) that you make a board just longer than one tefach and put it within three tefachim of the other wall - the lavud and the small board are considered a partition of length four tefachim, answer also need a TP - why do you need a partition of four tefachim, let the TP be considered the partition! Rather we see that TP makes it considered as being surrounded by partitions a TP helps make a Sukkah spayed like a mavoy (two parallel walls) Kosher with a TP connecting those two walls and a Sukkah made like GAM (L) the TP on either side makes it considered enclosed by three partitions [on three sides] But for the fundamental definition of Sukkah - two full walls and the third wall of even one tefach - the law is we need real walls, not TP, and secondly, __ the status (din) of TP using Lavud and the partitions exceed the gaps - those rules are real partitions, however TP confers a halachic status of partition but it cannot be used with actual partitions to reach a threshold of the minimum partitions required. Therefore Rambam holds for the status of private domain on Shabbos you ned actual, physical partitions to give the status of private domain, so TP does not help. That is why the Rambam says both for Shabbos and Sukkah we need the partitions to exceed the gaps - this is the definition of real partitions needed for Shabbos and Sukkah. See Eruvin 11 - an incident of a person who put four posts, one in each corner of his field, and strung vines between them [as a TP]___ and the Sages permitted it for kilayim, and according to our analysis kilayim would be different than Shabbos and Sukkah because kilayim needs the separation afforded by a wall but does not require an actual wall, so a TP is sufficient for Kilayim, but Shabbos and Sukkah require real partitions so TP does not suffice, as we explained the Sukkah needs a TP also bit it does not contribute to the “two walls and the third of a tefach.” </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Eruvin 11 - Reish Lakis said like they permitted for kilayim they permitted for Shabbos, and Rabi Yochanan says they permitted it for kilayim but not for Shabbos - with what? If it was ten [tefachim] in such a case Rabi Yochanan does not permit that [ a gap of 10 tefachim or less] for Shabbos? [Of course such a gap is acceptable with a TP!] Rather the gap was larger than 10 tefachim. According to our explanation in the Rambam that TP without real partitions does not confer the status of a private domain even on a Biblical level - why did the Gemara ask that - let Rabi Yochanan on Shabbos it does not work? It’s simple that it does not work because it is not a private domain! Rather we can explain the Gemara is referring to thee fourth side (the other three sides are enclosed] so a lechi suffices, and certainly TP works. However there is a question from Eruvin 6 - how does one enclose a Mavuy (parallel walls, and parallel openings like this: | |) open to a public domain? Make a TP on one of the open sides, and a Lechi and Koreh on the other open side. How does a TP work if it is missing a partition according to Rambam, that a TP is insufficient to grant an area the status of private domain. It works according to Rashi on Daf12 that two walls and a lechi grant an area the status of private domain, for he holds a RHY requires only two walls and a lechi on a Biblical level, certainly a TP which is considered as completely closing off its side, however Rambam himself holds (Shabbos 17:__) that Lechi is a wall only if there are three walls and the Lechi is on the fourth side, and we need three complete partitions for a private domain. So our question how can TP work for an open mavuy?</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It appears that a TP is a partition as we see from Kilayim and for certain laws of Sukkah, so the enclosed area is considered closed off [from the public domain] due to the TP even though it is not walled [by the TP]. We see it has split status: the TP cannot make the mavuy a private domain because it does not have a partition on the third side, but the area is no longer considered a public domain andone may carry within it. Rambam’s opinion is the permission to carry is not dependent on the status of a private domain, and this is proved by a mavuy which is considered enclosed by a koreh (cross beam) if you throw an object from a public domain into it according to Rambam you are exempt from punishment because it is not a private domain, yet you are allowed to carry within that mavuy. Similarly TP does not confer upon it the status of private domain it allows one to carry within it. </span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With this the sugya in Eruvin 6 is explained very well. An mavuy open to a public domain (two parallel walls and two parallel openings) make a TP on one open end and a lechi and koreh on the other open end - but a public domain is not enclosed unless it is surrounded with walls and doors, as Rambam ruled in Shabbos 17:__. Even though it seems Rambam holds these open mavuys are considered to be parts of the public domains than open into it, on a Biblical level as he rules in Shabbos 14:)__ )a corner next to a public domain is not a public domain because it is surrounded by three walls, implying if it was an open mavuy it does connect with the adjacent public domains to be considered a public domain, then why are open mavuys permitted with Tp and lechi and koreh, and don’t need to be completely enclosed? According to our explanation we understand that the open mavuy is considered a public domain because it is connected to the adjacent public domains, a TP helps to cut it off from the adjacent public domain. However a public domain itself, which can only lost its status of public domain if it is walled with walls and doors which can make it into a private domain, TP do not suffice because TP are not actual walls (partitions). The Rambam’s ruling lead to this conclusion, but with this more of his rulings are understood. In Shabbos 17:__ he rules: how do we allow [carrying in] closed mavuy (surrounded on three sides by walls)? On the fourth side make a lechi or a koreh and it is enough...for according to Biblical law one may carry within three walls and Rabbinic enactment requires a fourth enclosure, therefore a lechi or koreh suffice. His ruling works for a koreh which is not a partition, but not for a lechi - a lechi can be considered a wall on the fourth side and it it is a complete Biblical private domain as he rules in 17:__ a mavuy which was made kosher to carry within it by a lechi, if one throws an object into it from the public domain is punished [for moving from a public domain to a private domain] because a lechi is a complete partition and the mavuy is enclosed on all four sides! Why does Rambam include lechi in Halacha __? According to our explanation it is understood, because an open mavuy which was enclosed with a TP could be also enclosed with a lechi, and it is not a private domain at all (it lacks three complete walls for even the Biblical level) as we said a TP does not complete a wall of a private domain and the lechi only encloses it because the TP removes the status of public domain, and the ruling that the mavuy is considered enclosed with a lechi and Koreh according to Rmabam to carry inside of it even though it does not have the status of a private domain. That is why Rambam gives the reason that Biblically one may carry in it even though it is not a private domain. We see that TP is not a partition or wall to make that mavuy a Biblical private domain, so we understand why Rambam rules we need standing walls to be greater than the gaps even with TP - because TP does not make that area a private domain.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the Rambam still must be explained that TP is not a partition or wall to make that mavuy a Biblical private domain, but Rambam is talking in all cases, also when a mavuy is surrounded by partitions [on three sides] and it is a Biblical private domain, and one who throws an object in it from the public domain is punished for violating the law against transferring objects from private to public domains, (hotza’ah) and it has real walls, so why is a TP not sufficient for the fourth side? We see that Rambam holds TP helps for a gap larger than 10*, or for a case when the gaps are larger than the actual walls. But when a case has both these deficiencies - a gap larger than 10* and the gaps are larger than the walls - TP does not work. Why not - TP helps for each of those problems individually, and why shouldn’t it work when both problems exist simultaneously? For Sukkah we don’t care the gaps are larger than the walls and why doesn’t TP work there for a gap larger than 10* and when the gaps are larger than the walls? The answer is there are two types of doors that work differently form each other: 1) Until 10* a door is a door by virtue of the walls on either side of it, and those walls give the opening a status of “door,” but 2) TP has a status of door by itself. Therefore a TP has two different statuses: a TP less than 10* is acts like a door surrounded by walls, and for TP larger than 10 the walls on either side of it do not affect its status at all; it is a door ONLY because it is a TP, not because of the walls at either end of it. Therefore the Rambam hotels when a gap is larger than 10* and overall the gaps are larger than the walls TP does not work: True TP is considered a partition and that side is considered closed off and there is no status of a breach [in the gap which was fixed with a TP]. But TP does not make it a wall to be considered a private domain. Therefore even though there is not a breach, but there is not a partition there, so this area lacks the status of private domain and permission to carry within it. Therefore the Rambam requires either the area to have walls larger than the gaps, so the area is considered walled with partitions, or no gap larger than 10*, so the walls on either side of the TP help give it the status of a door, so this area has walls that give it the status of a private domain. If the gap is larger than 10* and the gaps are larger than the walls, the walls on either side of the breach do not contribute to fixing the breach [by making it a doorway], and the wall only comes from the TP there, so Rambam holds TP cannot give that side the status of a real partition. So there is no gap but there is not a real wall, so that area lacks partitions to allow to carry in it as a private domain. </span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><p dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Therefore Rambam requires even for a Sukkah that the actual walls are longer than the gaps - even though a Sukkah can have more gaps than walls, a breach larger than 10 disqualifies a Sukkah, because Sukkah only differs from Shabbos regarding a gap disqualifying it, but there is no difference between them for a partition that allows it [carrying or the Sukkah]. Therefore if the gap is larger than 10* and the gaps are larger than the walls make the Sukkah lacking a real wall, the same as the law for Shabbos. Therefore there is no question from the Gemara Eruvin __ that TP when the gaps exceed the walls depends on TP for a gap larger than 10*, because Rambam’s reasoning is only when the gaps exceed the walls and a gap larger than 10* together, the TP is not considered a partition, but when an area lacks only one of those, TP is considered a partition either for a gap larger than 10* or when the gaps excess the walls.</span></p><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" /><br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" />The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-6395007630321605882020-08-21T09:03:00.001-04:002020-08-21T09:03:50.153-04:00Netherlands - Put You in Jail for Refusing to Give a Get (Divorce)<p><span style="font-family: inherit;">Again, this does not mention if the court will jail women for refusing to accept a get from their husbands. That happens a lot more than people think.</span></p><p>More to come on this issue soon IYH.</p><p><a href="https://www.jta.org/2020/08/19/global/in-the-netherlands-judges-can-fine-and-lock-up-jewish-men-who-refuse-to-give-their-wives-a-religious-divorce"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.jta.org/2020/08/19/global/in-the-netherlands-judges-can-fine-and-lock-up-jewish-men-who-refuse-to-give-their-wives-a-religious-divorce</span></a></p><h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In the Netherlands, judges can fine and lock up Jewish men who refuse to give their wives a religious divorce</span></h1><p>
</p><div class="post-info post-info-single is-flex">
<div class="post-meta-info-inner">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="post-meta-info__author-name">By <a href="https://www.jta.org/author/cnaan-liphshiz">
<span class="-underlined-yellow" itemprop="author">
Cnaan Liphshiz </span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-info__published-date " itemprop="datePublished">
<time datetime="2020-08-19T12:32:58-04:00">
<span class="post-meta-info__date">August 19, 2020</span>
<span class="post-meta-info__time">12:32 pm</span>
</time>
</span>
</span></div><div class="post-meta-info-inner"><span class="post-meta-info__published-date " itemprop="datePublished"><time datetime="2020-08-19T12:32:58-04:00"><span class="post-meta-info__time"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></time></span></div><div class="post-meta-info-inner"><span class="post-meta-info__published-date " itemprop="datePublished"><time datetime="2020-08-19T12:32:58-04:00"><span class="post-meta-info__time"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><p>AMSTERDAM (<a href="http://jta.org/">JTA</a>) — Sara’s marriage was dead, but she couldn’t end it herself.</p>
<p>As an Orthodox woman, Sara — not her real name, for privacy concerns — needed <a href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-get-or-bill-of-divorce/">a “get,” or religious consent to divorce</a>, from her husband to end the process. But he wouldn’t give her one, and rabbis couldn’t help.</p>
<p>Sara, a mother of one in her 40s who works as a buyer for large businesses, was what is called an <a href="https://www.jta.org/2011/02/08/israel/court-upholds-agunahs-right-to-damages">agunah</a>, or “chained woman.” <a href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/agunot-a-different-kind-of-hostage/">The plight of these women</a>
is seen as a major point of gender inequality in Orthodox Judaism, and
Orthodox rabbis have invested effort in recent years to address it.</p>
<p>In the end, Sara was helped
most by a nonreligious entity: the Dutch judicial system. The Dutch
judiciary is the only one in the world outside of Israel that punishes
husbands who refuse to give their wives a get — with significant fines.<iframe class="teads-resize" style="border-style: none !important; border-width: medium !important; display: block !important; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 100% !important;"></iframe></p>
<p>Sara’s husband relented after a Dutch
judge threatened to slap him with a fine of nearly $30,000. Courts here
can impose a fine four times that amount on so-called recalcitrant
husbands and even issue arrest warrants against them, as per a 1982
precedent set by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands.</p>
<p>Last year, the Dutch jurisprudence was cemented in legislation: An<a href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2019/11/27/wet-huwelijkse-gevangenschap"> amendment</a>
to the marriage act empowers judges to order individuals to comply with
edicts of religious frameworks relevant to their marital bond.</p>
<p>Fines and warrants issued in the
Netherlands apply, in turn, across the European Union, giving these
husbands records — and chained wives a potentially powerful deterrent.
Dutch judges have employed these measures against several dozen
recalcitrant husbands since 1982, according to Herman Loonstein, a
Dutch-Jewish lawyer who has represented multiple chained wives before
Dutch courts.</p>
<p>Many of the cases heard in Dutch
courts in recent years have involved couples from Muslim communities, in
which women seeking a divorce face similar roadblocks. Millions of immigrants from the Middle East have arrived in Holland over the past decade or so.</p>
<p>Today, Sara has a new partner and is feeling “released from prison,” she told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency.</p>
<p>“You’re trapped, you can’t move
forward with your life and someone hostile has this power on you,” she
said of being an agunah. “It’s a terrible feeling.”</p>
<p>The Dutch judiciary’s willingness to
get involved in this issue is unusual because it contradicts the
separation of church and state principle, which is strongly observed in
Western Europe. The Dutch courts do not directly interfere with the
religious process, which usually involves a beit din, or rabbinical
court. But they do label the process of refusing to give a get as
“unlawful conduct,” Matthijs de
Blois, assistant professor at Utrecht University’s Institute of Legal
Theory of the Law Faculty, explained in a 2010 <a href="https://www.utrechtlawreview.org/articles/abstract/10.18352/ulr.126/">essay</a> for the Utrecht Law Review.</p>
<p>The 1982 Supreme Court<a href="https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:HR:1982:AG4319"> ruling</a>
here overturned the rulings of two lower courts that had refused to
hear a case brought by a chained wife from Utrecht. She had sued her
husband in a civil court for refusing to grant her a get.</p>
<p>The District Court of Utrecht, near
Amsterdam, declined her lawsuit in 1979, stating that “only the civil
aspects of a marriage should be considered.” The woman lost an appeal in
1981.</p>
<p>The high court’s decision bypassed
the religious dimension altogether, reasoning that the husband “could be
in violation of a rule of unwritten law pertaining to proper social
conduct vis-à-vis his divorced wife,” de Blois wrote.</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_1694763" style="width: 2170px;">In Israel, which has no separation
between religion and state, family courts are also religious ones and </div><div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_1694763" style="width: 2170px;"> run by the Chief Rabbinate. The judges at those batei din belong to the
country’s judicial branch and are</div><div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_1694763" style="width: 2170px;"> empowered to fine and imprison
recalcitrant husbands, as well as confiscate their passports.</div>
<p>Amid an increased outcry in recent years, the Chief Rabbinate has <a href="https://mishpat.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95-%E2%80%93-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%96%D7%95-%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9D-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A5-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94.pdf">cracked down </a><a href="https://mishpat.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95-%E2%80%93-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%96%D7%95-%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9D-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A5-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94.pdf"> significantly</a>
on recalcitrant husbands. The pressure is showing results: The number
of women who have been unchained in Israel has risen for five
consecutive years. The largest increase occurred between 2015 and 2017 —
from 180 to 216 — according to the latest <a class="c-link" data-sk="tooltip_parent" data-stringify-link="https://www.gov.il/he/departments/news/annual_report_divorce" href="https://www.gov.il/he/departments/news/annual_report_divorce" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">statistics</a> on the issue.</p>
<p>The Netherlands is the only country
that comes close to that system. The Dutch Justice Ministry has not
replied to a request for comment on the matter by JTA.</p>
<p>In the United Kingdom, judges may
condition the finalization of a civil divorce on the finalization of a
religious one — an equation that is meant to place the recalcitrant
spouse in limbo for as long as they do the same to their chained spouse.</p>
<p>And in the United States, some Jewish couples sign <a href="http://www.jta.org/2013/11/27/united-states/for-man-agunot-halachic-prenup-wnt-break-their-chains/amp">halachic prenuptial agreements</a>,
which stipulate that the spouses in a dissolving marriage must come
before a predetermined court of Jewish law or face heavy penalties. As a
contract, such agreements are enforceable in civil court.</p>
<p>New York state courts are empowered
to enforce rabbinical court edicts on chained spouses as per a landmark
1983 state Court of Appeals <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/16/nyregion/court-rules-new-york-can-enforce-jewish-marriage-contract.html">ruling</a>.
But the enforcement has been limited thus far only to awarding the
chained wives higher amounts of alimony, according to Aryeh Ralbag, a <a href="https://www.jta.org/2012/03/28/global/amsterdam-jews-want-out-of-long-distance-relationship-with-u-s-rabbi-aryeh-ralbag">former chief rabbi of Amsterdam</a> and a major rabbinical arbiter and judge from New York.</p>
<p>Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt, the Switzerland-born president of the Conference of European Rabbis, has
been a key advocate of cracking down on recalcitrant husbands, but even
he “didn’t think we’d be able to bring about the same kind of
deterrence in Europe, with its strong separation of church and state, as
there exists in Israel.”</p>
<p>The issue of holding a recalcitrant
husband accountable has become more difficult over time, Ralbag said, as
Jewish communities have become less centralized.</p>
<p>“When Jewish life in the Diaspora was
more centered on community, a beit din could punish people severely for
such behavior, imposing a herem,” he said, using the Hebrew word for
excommunication or boycott. “Nowadays, many people who get a herem just
go to another synagogue, or don’t go to synagogue at all.” </p>
<p>The Dutch law has “restored deterrence,” Ralbag added.</p>
<p>Ralbag, Goldschmidt and Loonstein all
support the Dutch judiciary’s proactive approach, but they are also
mindful of the risks it poses at a time when Jewish communities —
including in the Netherlands — are fighting against government and
judicial interference in other religious customs.</p>
<p>All three have been at the forefront of the fight to keep kosher slaughter legal — it was banned but made legal again in 2012.</p>
<p>A similar <a href="https://www.jta.org/2019/05/30/global/hollands-best-known-jewish-circumcision-pros-are-breaking-the-law-health-ministry-says">debate</a> is taking place across Europe about the legality of brit milah, the ritual nonmedical circumcision of boys.</p>
<p>“Am I concerned that this is creating
a precedent for interference? In some places, yes, I am,” Ralbag said.
“But I and every rabbi need to measure this against the pain and
suffering that is being visited on Jewish women right now. And right
now, this is what we can do to help them.”</p></span></span></time></span></div></div>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-26054608308103235562020-03-29T18:01:00.004-04:002020-03-29T18:01:33.920-04:00Laws of Davening Not at Shul - Covid-19 Corona VirusBelow I compiled some basic facts and halachos about davening without a Minyan, due to the current restrictions due to the Corona virus, Covid-19. The link below is a sourcesheet for actual texts of sources quoted. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/225942?lang=bi">https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/225942?lang=bi </a><br /><b><br />Davening not with a minyan</b><br />Our three prayers, Shacharis, Mincha and Maariv, were instituted to represent two separate things: 1) That our forefathers prayed: Avraham instituted Shacharis, Yitzchak instituted Mincha and Yaakov instituted Maariv. 2) In place of sacrifices offered in the Beis Hamikdash: Shacharis and Mincha in place of the morning and afternoon Tamid offerings, and Maariv in place of burning various sacrificial parts which was done at night (Brachos 26b).<br /><br />From the perspective of “Prayer in place of the Forefathers,” every Jew may pray individually. However, from the perspective of “Prayer in place of sacrifices,” there obviously is an important obligation to daven with a minyan. A minyan of ten represents a gathering in place of all of Klal Yisrael. See also Rambam, Klei Hamidash Chapter 6, that a minyan of righteous people would always pray in the Beis Hamikdash that the sacrifices should be accepted on behalf of all Klal Yisrael.<br /><br />Because of that, The Shulchan Aruch (Siman 90) paskens to daven with a minyan. However, if one is unable to (especially in our current situation – my emphasis) one should daven at the time that the community davens – i.e, at the regularly scheduled minyan time of the shul.<br /><br /><b>Musaf (Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh)</b><br />The Musaf was an additional sacrifice offered on Shabbos and Holidays. Musaf is only “in place of sacrifices” and not “in the place of our Forefathers,” since none of our forefathers davened Musaf. Therefore, there is a reasonable expectation that one would only daven Musaf with a minyan. This, however, is not true. Shulchan Aruch paskens (Siman 286) that an individual davens Musaf, but it is best to do so at the time the Shul davens. (Thursday March 26 is Rosh Chodesh Nissan).<br /><br /><b>Torah Reading of Shabbos</b><br />We only read Torah with a minyan. However, the community completes the Torah every year (Rambam Tefila 13:1) - on Simchas Torah. What should we do when we cannot read the Parsha with a minyan?<br /><br />There is a halacha (Shulchan Aruch 285) to read the Parsha twice every week including the Targum Onkelos. The poskim discuss if one should read it in a translation one understands. While not everyone agrees that the obligation is fulfilled reading a non-Onkelos translation, it is certainly a very good practice to read the Parsha with a translation one understands. Most opinions hold this halacha to read the parsha applies to everyone, every week. However, a lone opinion of the Raavan, cited in the Haghos Maimonides to the Rambam (Tefilla 13:25) states that this halacha applies to someone who is not in Shul - such a person reads the Parsha twice and once in translation at the time the Shul would be reading the Torah. In our current situation we should follow this opinion. Additionally, if possible, the Parsha should be read from a full Tanach (heard from my father).<br /><b><br />Rosh Chodesh when we did not bless Rosh Chodesh in Shul on Shabbos</b><br />The Shabbos before Rosh Chodesh we “bless” the new upcoming month and announce the Molad - first possible time to see the new moon in Yerushalayim. When we don’t do this - and if perhaps no minyan took place anywhere, would Rosh Chodesh still take place?<br /><br />(The following is my adaptation of an article by Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik)<br /><br />When there was a Sanhedrin - and even for a time after the Sanhedrin - those Sages had the only authority to declare Rosh Chodesh and leap years. When that stopped, the new months and years are calculated by a calculation which is an Oral tradition received by Moshe at Sinai. “That which we announce in all cities ‘Day X will be Rosh Chodesh’ - that does not establish Rosh Chodesh… it depends on the calculation and establishment of those living in Israel; we announce it for informational purposes only... (Rambam, Kiddush Hachodesh 5:13). This is Rambam’s opinion; the Ramban holds the Sages in the time of Hillel the Second established the calendar until Moshiach will come. Rabbi Soloveitchik further explains that Rambam’s opinion that Sanhedrin has the authority to declare Rosh Chodesh does not stem from their power as a judicial authority, rather the authority to declare Rosh Chodesh lies with the Jewish people themselves, but Sanhedrin acts as their representatives.<br /><br />When the Sages no longer declare Rosh Chodesh, according to the Rambam, the calendar is established by the actions of the Jews of Israel keeping the calendar - celebrating certain days as Rosh Chodesh and holidays.<br /><br />Thus we see that even if Rosh Chodesh was not blessed [in advance] last Shabbos, Rosh Chodesh will still take place in its expected time, because the calendar does not depend on our blessing the month, rather by the Jews of Israel keeping certain days as Rosh Chodesh and holidays, which they will.<br />
<br />
<b>Making up Missed Torah Readings after We can have Minyan Again</b><br />
<a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2009/06/double-parshios-part-2.html">see this post from 2009</a>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-32093533928562865692020-02-03T21:11:00.001-05:002020-02-03T21:11:18.839-05:00Bo - Tzivos Hashem<span>Parshat Bo - Tzivos Hashem (12:41)<br /><br />"At the end of 430 years, on that very day, all the armies of Hashem (tzivos Hashem) left Egypt" (12:41).<br /><br />The word "tzava" is an army. "Tzivos Hashem" is plural - the armies of G-d. What armies of G-d left Egypt?<br /><br />Torah
Shleima cites the Mechilta which says: When Israel is in exile, the Divine
Presence goes in exile with them. So when the Jews left Egypt, the
Shechina, along with the angels that make up the King's household (the
entourage) left Egypt. And the Zohar says since the Jews did not marry
Egyptian women, they received G-d Name (as a seal attesting to their
purity). So "Tzivos Hashem" either refers to angels who left Egypt when
the Jews left, or it refers to the Jews themselves. <br /><br />Tziva'os
is often used as a name of G-d. Why? Rashi (Devarim 12:2) says an "os"
is something in the heavens, and a "mofes" is something on the earth.
(Similarly in this week's Parsha [11:10] Moshe and Aharon did "mofsim"
which Rashi says were Makas Bechoros, Splitting the Sea, and the
Egyptians dying in the Sea - all thses were incidents on earth.) So the
word "Tziva'os" is likely on contraction of the words "tzava," army,
and "os," which is something that happens in the heavens. Hashem
created the constellations and heavenly bodies, and set them in their
orbits (see Rambam Hilchos Yeshodei Hatorah chapter 3) and their
movements and orbits testify to G-d's creating the world, and they are
the entourage of Hashem.</span>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-32970977204151534242020-01-06T21:12:00.003-05:002020-01-06T21:24:32.938-05:00Brachos Daf 2<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Gemara</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q1: Why not tell us there is chiyuv before saying meieimasa</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Q2: WHy maariv first, not Shacharis?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">A2: Pasuk says beshachbecha first, not uvkumecha.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">A1: Read it: We say shma at night. When can we begin to say it?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">A2b: follows briyas ha'Olam.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Why is A2 before A1 if Mishna Avos says "al rishon rishon v'al acharon acharon? And see in Chayei Sarah, Rivka was praised for answering "who is your father? Do you have place for us to sleep?" in order? I don't have an answer, though see ibn Ezra to Yoel 3:3:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> ונתתי - מנהג אנשי לשון הקודש , כאשר יזכירו שנים דברים , יחל לספר דברי השיני בתחלה , ואחר כן ישוב אל הראשון באחרונה; כמו "לך יום אף לך לילה" (תה' עד , טז); "ואתן ליצחק את יעקב ואת עשו" (יהו' כד , ד); וככה זה: ונתתי דם - בארץ , ובשמים - אש ותימרות עשן. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">ibnEzra that lashon chachamim is diff from lashon Psukim. I thought of answering with Chulin 137b that chazal use diff words than torah. But it doesn’t really answer it b/c that’s for use of one word. This is an entire style. See Tos Yom Tov Terumos 1:1. Also, Rivka answered Eliezer "al rishon rishon v'al acharon acharon." (Breishis 24:24) And Rashi shemos 3:12 is al rishon rishon v’al acharon acharon.</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">I'll suggest another possible answer - when a katan becomes a gadol the first mitzvah that is chal would be kriyas shma of arvis.</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Bein Hashmashos </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">based on http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/710224/Rabbi_Daniel_Z-_Feldman/Halakhic_Night#</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Shabbat 34b, the period of bein ha-sh’mashot (in between sh’kia and tzet hakokhavim) is identified by R. Yehudah as three quarters of a mil</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Pesachim 94a. There, in a discussion concerning the dimensions of the Earth, R. Yehudah states that in between sh’kia and tzet hakokhavim there are four mil</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø (See Resp. Maharam Alashkar, 96, citing R. Sherira Gaon and R. Hai Gaon) and the Gra (see Biur to Sulchan Arukh, 261:2) represent different versions, the statement in Pesachim is not applicable to the halakhah in these cases. Thus, ¾ of a mil after shkia is tzet hakokhavim, and the time in between is bein hashmashot.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Rabbeinu Tam (see Tosafot, Berakhot 2b, s.v. dilma; Shabbat 35a, s.v. trei; Pesachim 94a, s.v. R. Yehudah), however, resolves the issue differently. In his assessment, there are actually two points called sh’kia The first sh’kia takes place when the sun begins to sink beneath the horizon The second sh’kia refers to the point once the sun has already sunk. The four mil period refers to the time in between the first sh’kia and tzet, while the ¾ mil period is the time from the second sh’kia until tzet. (see also Magen Avraham, 331:2, and Resp. Chatam Sofer, O.C. 80). Almost all rishonim - Yabia Omer vol. 2 no. 21</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Sefer Yereim, 274 night begins at sunset and that the three quarters of a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">mil</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> represent the beginning of sunset. At sunset, when the sun falls below the horizon and there is no longer any direct sunlight, it becomes theoretically possible to see stars. Four </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">mil</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> later the stars become visible to everyone. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">http://www.aishdas.org/toratemet/en_pamphlet4.html</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Tosfos Menachos 20 and Shaagas Aryeh 17: dam nifsal misafek.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø אמר רבי יוסי: בין השמשות כהרף עין. זה נכנס וזה יוצא ואי אפשר לעמוד עליו (Brachos 2b last line and Shabbos 34b)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø See Igros Moshe OC IV 62 – 50 minutes for latitude of NY.; alsoYD IV 17:26</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">How long is a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">mil</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">? mil </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">¾ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">3.25 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">4</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø 18 minutes ( ) minutes</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">13.5 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">58.5 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">72</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø 22.5 minutes ( ) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">18.875 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">90</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø 24 minutes (Rambam, Perush Hamishna Pesachim) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">18 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">72 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">96</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Astronomical Phenomena</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Civil Twilight – 6 degrees below Horizon: This is the limit at which twilight illumination is sufficient, under good weather conditions, for terrestrial objects to be clearly distinguished; at the beginning of morning civil twilight, or end of evening civil twilight, the horizon is clearly defined and the brightest stars are visible under good atmospheric conditions in the absence of moonlight or other illumination.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Nautical Twilight – 12 degrees bvelow horizon: At the beginning or end of nautical twilight, under good atmospheric conditions and in the absence of other illumination, general outlines of ground objects may be distinguishable, but detailed outdoor operations are not possible. During nautical twilight the illumination level is such that the horizon is still visible even on a Moonless night allowing mariners to take reliable star sights for navigational purposes, hence the name.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Astronomical Twilight – 18 degrees below horizon: scattered light from the Sun is less than that from starlight and other natural sources. For a considerable interval after the beginning of morning twilight and before the end of evening twilight, sky illumination is so faint that it is practically imperceptible</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Source:</span><a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/RST_defs.php" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/RST_defs.php</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Parshios Kriyas Shma – </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">see Eynayim Lamishpat p 130 (orig print)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø RY Hanasi – pasuk of shma</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Rashi 1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">st</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> para (maybe because it’s connected, but a different parsha can’t be part of it midioraissa)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø R Yonah 1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">st</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> 2 para (since third is flexible – any parsha that mentions Mitzrayim, it cannot be part of the dioraissa) (But at end of 7</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> perek he says first pasuk or first paragraph)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø Rambam and Tos – all 3 (see Siach Hagrid)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Ø And see later Daf 12 about wanting to add 10 dibros to Shma.</span></div>
The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-35529984402274027632020-01-06T21:09:00.000-05:002020-01-06T21:13:47.805-05:00Brachos Intro<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">6 orders of Mishna; Zeraim is first. Why?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">1. Rambam (Hakdama) - to serve Hashem you need nutrition, so Zraim first.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">2. I think see Shabbos 31a Reish Lakish - vehaya emunas Itecha - zraim (Tos quotes Yerushalmi because you need emuna that what you plant will grow). First in Pasuk so first seder.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Why is Brachos first in Zraim?</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">1. Rambam (ibid.) - to eat we need to make a bracha; diff people eat diff things, don't necessarily make same brachos, but birchos Kriyas Shma are the same for everyone, and once we discuss birkas KS, discuss KS itself (BZ - which is midioraissa; most brachos except Birkas Hamazon [or Birkas Hatorah acc to Ramban] are Rabbinic).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">2. I think - all of halacha must be preceded by our Emuna Hashem is One and He created the world, so it's the first element of Torah Shebal Peh. (fits well with Reish Lakish Shabbos 31).</span><br />
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Layout of Page of Gemara</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Dr. Grach; Torah UMadda Journal – rosh on daf; </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">Rashi print – not b/c goyim didn’t know, but it saved ink.</span><a href="http://printingthetalmud.org/essays.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;">http://printingthetalmud.org/essays.html</span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-89196442636072560042020-01-01T16:07:00.004-05:002020-01-01T16:07:54.078-05:00Siyum Hashas, Nida 73aתנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר (<a href="http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il//i/t/t2003.htm#6">חבקוק ג</a>) הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות:<br />
What is so important of being "shoneh halachos" every day? Learning Mishna Brura Yomis? And why is the reward so great - assured of being a ben Olam haba? <br />
<br />
Now, Shoneh means recite Torah Shebal Peh - see Shabbos first perek ( & Tana D'Vei Eliyahu Perek 15) See end of my post <a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2010/01/duration-of-makos-kiddushin-30a.html">here</a>). So I think the pshat is Shoneh Halachos means "study halachos l'Moshe Misinai" because they are Torah Shebal Peh, and studying it every day shows a lot of dedication. So if you are very dedicated to studying these Halachos LeMoshe Misinai, which are absolute Torah Shebal Peh, you are committing to Torah min Hashmayim and Mesorah, so the reward is Olam Haba, which is something that only exists because of the Mesorah - Olam Haba is not in Torah shebiksav. That is why this is the reward. The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-6708122724661065212019-12-26T09:39:00.000-05:002019-12-30T10:31:40.535-05:00Chanukah & Kiddushin 66b קידושין סו, ב <br />
ובן גרושה ובן חלוצה דעבודתו כשירה מנלן אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל דאמר קרא (<a href="http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il//i/t/t0425.htm#13">במדבר כה</a>) והיתה לו ולזרעו אחריו בין זרע כשר ובין זרע פסול אבוה דשמואל אמר מהכא (<a href="http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il//i/t/t0533.htm#11">דברים לג</a>) <u>ברך ה' חילו ופועל ידיו תרצה</u> אפילו חולין שבו תרצה רבי ינאי אמר מהכא (<a href="http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il//i/t/t0526.htm#3">דברים כו</a>) ובאת אל הכהן אשר יהיה בימים ההם וכי תעלה על דעתך שאדם הולך אצל כהן שלא היה בימיו אלא זה כשר ונתחלל<br />
In the new Sefer Hamitzvos of R' Saadiah Gaon<br />
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
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Sefer HaMitzvos of Rasag (Rav Saadiah Gaon)<br />
Published for the first time from Genizah fragments +<br />
Pirush by Rav Chaim Sabato<br />
Yad Yitzchak Ben-Zvi<br />
(Note: Rav Yerucham Fishel Perla ZT'L wrote on a Piyut on Mitzvos of Rasag which is included as a nispach) <a href="https://t.co/fiHtK8NQ3g">https://t.co/fiHtK8NQ3g</a> <a href="https://t.co/9C4PLOnMz3">pic.twitter.com/9C4PLOnMz3</a></div>
— SeforimChatter (@SeforimChatter) <a href="https://twitter.com/SeforimChatter/status/1202296204031332352?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 4, 2019</a></blockquote>
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<br />
at the end of Perek Chof, when Hashem will give a victory to the descendants of Levi in their wars when they were attacked we will honor that time, as the pasuk says<br />
בָּרֵךְ יְהוָה חֵילוֹ, וּפֹעַל יָדָיו תִּרְצֶה; מְחַץ מָתְנַיִם קָמָיו וּמְשַׂנְאָיו, מִן-יְקוּמוּן<br />
and we do not find they fought except with the Yevanim.<br />
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The footnote quotes Rav Saadiah's commentary to Megillas Antiochus (Rav Kapach [or Kafih] edition) that this pasuk ברך ה' חילו is a prophesy about the victory of the Chashmonaim. Rashi's second explanation on that Pasuk is like Rav Saadiah - it is a prophesy about the Chashmonaim's future victory.<u><br /></u><br />
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<script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> </code>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-2331439759417675292019-12-24T12:54:00.002-05:002019-12-24T12:54:24.391-05:00More on Mothers in Tanachsee <a href="http://beisvaad.blogspot.com/2019/11/the-mothers-of-kings-that-are-named-in.html">here</a> for an interesting discussion on mothers in Tanach, and elaborates on a Ramban I quoted <a href="https://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2009/02/addendum-to-srarah-part-4.html">here</a><br />
<br />
Ths is about when Tanach names the mother of a person.<br />
(Recall the Mekallel isn't Ploni ben Shlomis, but<br />
וַ֠יִּקֹּב בֶּן־הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית אֶת־הַשֵּׁם֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹתֹ֖ו אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְשֵׁ֥ם אִמֹּ֛ו <b>שְׁלֹמִ֥ית</b> בַּת־דִּבְרִ֖י לְמַטֵּה־דָֽן׃<br />
in Vayikra 24:11 The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-84522357438992761572019-12-11T22:44:00.003-05:002019-12-11T22:45:13.413-05:00Testimony of Smell, not voiceThe Bechor Shor on Toldos explains after Yiztchak said Hakol kol yaakov, vehayadayim yidei Eisav, he had two conflicting pieces of information: 1) voice is Yaakov 2) feels like Eisav. So he asked Yaakov to come close to kiss him and smelled the begadim - because they were Eisavs' clothes, they smelled a bit like Eisav (or the fields that Eisav frequented), so Yitzchak was machriya that the person who brought him food was Eisav.<br />
<br />
I am not aware of halachik discussions based on recognizing something as smell, but there may be sources out there. Please comment if you have something.<br />
<br />
Previous posts on testifying based on Voice (tevias ayin d'kol):<br />
<a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2011/12/testimony-if-you-recognize-someones.html">first</a>, <a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2012/01/testimony-if-you-recognize-someones.html">second</a>, and <a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2012/02/testimony-if-you-recognize-someons.html">third</a>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-4615396374606504802019-12-11T22:38:00.001-05:002019-12-11T22:38:20.140-05:00Guide to Chodosh 2019-2020Originally published by Rabbi Yoseph Herman, now by Mrs. Rosskamm.<br />
<br />
<div nbsp="" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;">
<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/439455227/Chodosh-Guide-2019-Final#from_embed" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Chodosh Guide 2019 Final on Scribd">Chodosh Guide 2019 Final</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd">shasdaf</a> on Scribd</div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_52259" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/439455227/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-JXaOi72tOjGMqY9favoU&show_recommendations=true" title="Chodosh Guide 2019 Final" width="100%"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-62331819060251245882019-12-07T20:28:00.001-05:002019-12-07T20:28:24.065-05:00Surrogate Pregnancy - 2 MothersParshas Vayeitzei discusses surrogate pregnancy - see <a href="http://shasdaf.blogspot.com/2009/12/surrogate-pregnancy-shvatim-as-jews.html">this post</a>.
This week, the following story came out of England:
<blockquote>A same-sex couple has become the first in the world to carry the same baby in both their wombs as part of a landmark “shared motherhood” procedure.
British couple Jasmine and Donna Francis-Smith welcomed their son, Otis, two months ago.
The baby was born via in vivo natural fertilisation, which involves the eggs being incubated in the mother’s body, rather than externally, as is the case with in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The AneVivo procedure, which was pioneered by Swiss technology company Anecova and carried out at the London Women’s Clinic, involved the eggs of the biological mother being placed inside a miniature capsule and inserted into her womb, where they were incubated.
After the incubation of the eggs, they were taken out of the first mother’s womb and placed into the womb of the gestational mother, who carried the baby to term.
</blockquote>
So now two mothers carried this baby; like Tosfos (Kesuvos 4b s.v. ad)
מכל מקום כמה דברים אשכחן דלא שכיח ומיירי בהן הש"ס לדרוש ולקבל שכר כדאמרינן בפרק המקשה (חולין ע.) בלעתו חולדה והוציאתו והכניסתו והקיאתו ויצא מאליו מהו הדביק שני רחמים ויצא מזה לזה מהו אף על פי שלא יבא לעולם
where he quotes Chullin 70a where Rava asked if you connected two wombs and the [fetus] left the first and entered the second [which mother is the mother] we see technology is coming very close to that situation. (I think this news story where the egg was only in the first womb for 18 hours has minimal significance. Had it been for at least 40 days, then it would present more issues.) But this case is pushing the frontier to having multiple surrogates for the same fetus.
<a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/same-sex-couple-baby-womb-egg-world-first-ivf-uk-a9231901.html">Source here</a> The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-33856651181305462372018-11-23T10:51:00.001-05:002018-11-23T10:51:12.676-05:00Star-K quick Yoshon Guide 2018-2019<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View YoshonQuick_September2018 on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/393961322/YoshonQuick-September2018#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >YoshonQuick_September2018</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="YoshonQuick_September2018" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/393961322/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-jNReu7ysvpzEE0LFMp4M&show_recommendations=true" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.72859450726979" scrolling="no" id="doc_97955" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-1145702523126974352018-11-23T10:44:00.000-05:002018-11-23T10:44:06.701-05:00Chodosh Guide 2018-2019<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View 2018 Main Guide Final on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/393960869/2018-Main-Guide-Final#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >2018 Main Guide Final</a> by <a title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" >shasdaf</a> on Scribd</p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" title="2018 Main Guide Final" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/393960869/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-26L5IvtXY9woU8dWqxLg&show_recommendations=true" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.7729220222793488" scrolling="no" id="doc_69865" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-33415002456572728462018-03-28T14:50:00.005-04:002018-03-28T14:50:52.391-04:00The Prisoner's Hagaddah: Minimum and Maximum in Hagaddah
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
<b>The Prisoner's
Hagaddah: Minimum and Maximum in Hagaddah </b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
See Shulchan
Aruch Harav 473:53. He cites the Maharshal's "maase"
(quoted in the Bach) of prisoner without access to a hagadda, but he
had chumash and read on Leil Haseder the parshiyos on yetzias
mitzrayim.
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
Just Masse. No
instructional statement "if in that situation, do this
workaround". My Har Nof uncle sees several possibilities. 1. Perhaps the
standardized form of hagadda is so deeply rooted as The Way to do
sippur, that the poskim can not say when you're in prison do it
differently. They lacked the power to make such a statement (even if
technically he may have been yotze with that). 2. The prisoner
was in fact not yotze. Reading from the chumash without the droshos
is not enough. But it was a nice thing to do like a person who only
has half a kzayis matza, eating it without a brocho. 3. It is a psak.
Calling something Maase is not diminuitive. The Maase of a man in the
real word can be an even stronger form of psak than the instructions
issued by the Rabbis in the beis medrish laboratory.
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
My reaction: </div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
Hagaddah
Shleima and Sefer Hatodaah bring down opinions how old the Hagaddah
is, some of the shitos seem farfetched. Some point out the Anshe
Knesses Hagedolah made some of the text, and that does make sense. Re
Rambam koseres, Rav Yoshe Ber said the text shelo bizman galus is
different. One of the questions was on every night we eat meat cooked
however, but tonight only roasted. Rambam holds there were 5
questions then; Gra holds we can only have 4 questions, so one of the
current 4 was omitted.So there is not 1 correct text.
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
Rav Zevin brings
a tshuvos hageonim that if you read the pesukim without the drashos
Ghazal you are suspected of being a min. I think lashon harambam is
vedoresh m'arami oveid avi. SO the drashos are part of the hagaddah,
My feeling is that to only say torah shebiksav isn't a kiyum of
hagaddah, there must be torah shebal peh also, and that's why we read
the drashos and say things ourselves; that's why Rabi Akiva, Rabi
Yehoshua, Rabi Elazar ben Azarya etc spoke, they were learnig Torah
shebal peh (even some have girsa hilchos hapesach kol halayla - those
halachos are from drashos).
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
So the prisoner
did a good thing with what he had, but it wasn't complete.
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
If you think of
the Hagaddah and don't verbalize it, are you yotzei? Can one do a
pantomime Seder? No. Chinuch says so: Rambam 7:5 (Rabban Gamliel) You
must say Pesach Matza and Maror; 7:3 if you are alone you have to ask
the 4 questions to yourself. Thinking of the question isn't enough;
you myst verbalize it. Why? One reason is Hagaddah is Torah Shebal
Peh, so it must be verbalized. (Machlokes Gra/Beis Yosef on thinkning
in learning, if it requires Birkas Hatorah.)
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
This TSBP isn't
limited to being oral. Using props is mentioned: Rambam — for a
she'eino yodeia lishol, point to maid and say we were slaves like
her. Pantomime can be used to enhance the Hagaddah if someone will
learn more from pantomime, but verbal sayings are also required. The
mitzvah of Haggadah is V'higadta lebincha — not v'amarta lebincha.
- Onkelos v'chavi (experience)? Otzar meforshei hagada - including
maaseh (like Malbim v'higadti in Ki Savo - demonstrate). The Chinuch
gives a different reason why we must verbalize the Hagaddah: Hearing
those words will cause us to feel free and understand it, get it„
more. We thereby see that on Pesach night we must have a feeling of
freedom. This is part of other mitzvos as well — like mourning or
being happy on Yom Toy. Ray Ahron and Grid argued about it, though.
Ray Ahron held the feeling was internal, and the actions are external
manifestations fo the Inner feeling. The feelings gush out and cause
the action. Grid hel the opposite; the actions are performed in order
to cause a certain feeling in the heart. These two approaches are
also offered with respect to Hagaddah. The Chinuch certainly holds
like Grid, that the verbal Haggadah makes us feel free. However, I
feel the Rambam holds that the feelings of freedom cause us to do
certain actions. Rambam's Hagaddah in Avadim hayimnu says Maarich -
because of your emotions you gush and are maarich. We must act free -
drink 4 cups, recline. (See Griz if derech Cheirus - is it part of
seder or separate.)
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>
In the Gulag, Mendelevitz did lots of preparations for the seder — saving
potatoes, making raisin wine, and saying as much of the Haggadah as
he remembered. See <a href="http://www.5tjt.com/a-prisoners-seder/">http://www.5tjt.com/a-prisoners-seder/</a>
Was he yotzei? As long as he verbalized it and mentioned Torah
Shebal Peh. Yes. A prisoner in the punishment cell is able to — not
everyone can, but some can — have the feeling of being free.</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
(And this answers
why Moshe isn't in the Hagaddah — he isn't mentioned by name, but because it is
TSBP everything includes Moshe because all TSBP came through Moshe.)
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.11in;">
So the minimum is
Pesukim, TSBP and feelings of freedom. The maximum is up to you.
There is no maximum. (And see commentators why Rabbi Akiva and
everyone spoke all night)</div>
The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-78443900914729251902018-03-10T22:16:00.002-05:002018-03-10T22:16:54.307-05:00Tzitz- related: Mtznefes of Kohen GadolThere is much discussion if Mitznefes of Kohen Gadol and Migba'as of Kohen hedyot were the same, similar or different.<br />
<br />
See Tosfos Eruvin 95b, Tosfors Sukkah 5a, Rishonim on Yoma 12 and 25, and Tos Yeshanim Yoma 86. (BTW this is the mekor to smething I posted on long ago, that there is place for 2 Tefillin on th ehead, if it's next to each other or one in front of each other; most of these sources hold in front of each other.) (Ritva Yoma 25 cites Shimusha Rabbah there is no minimum shiur for tefillin but most hold it is 2 fingers).<br />
<br />
Rashi, Ibn Ezra and Ramban all say Mibaas has more Pe'er. My first reaction to that si that Tefillin are called Pe'er and that's why an avel doesn't wear them the first day (whether that is yom misa ukevirah only or also yom kevura is a different discussion). Both kohen gadol and hedyot needed to wear tefillin (pe'er) with their head-covering, so perhaps because the Kohen Gadol had tzitz and tefillin in the tefilin area, but the kohen hedyot only had tefillin, part of the migbaas was on the tefillin-area (which was empty on the head) so the migbaas part on that area is called pe'er.<br />
<br />
from <a href="https://www.torahmusings.com/2018/03/varieties-of-the-supervisory-experience/">Torahmusings</a><br />
<span style="color: black;">Ramman on Vayakhel-Pikudei </span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Verses 27-29 tell us about the garments
common to Aharon (and all later High Priests) and the ordinary priests.
Verse 27 speaks of <i>kutanot</i>, tunics, for Aharon and his sons; Ramban thinks those were exactly the same.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">The next verse mentions the <i>mitznefet, </i>Aharon’s head covering, and the <i>migba’ot</i>, the ordinary priests’ head covering. Ramban thinks they were <i>made</i> the
same way, but worn differently—as he said in 28;31, a comment we did
not see at the time. The High Priest would wrap the material around and
around his head, to create a sort of hat, one that has an opening in the
middle. Other priests would take that same material but wrap it in such
a way that it fully covered the head.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Then, in our third verse of this section, Ramban points out that <i>Chazal </i>in <i>Yoma </i>12a<i> </i>debated whether the <i>avnet</i>, the belt, of the High Priest differed significantly (he does not elaborate further, but Rashi to <i>Yoma </i>12a tells us that the issue was whether a regular <i>kohen </i>wore
a belt of linen or of mixed materials; the High Priest wore one of
mixed materials throughout the year, and of linen on Yom Kippur).</span>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2896049185225437439.post-2814824546490554932018-02-04T12:02:00.000-05:002018-02-04T12:02:22.441-05:00CHODOSH ALERT - LIEBERSLiebers changed suppliers, so there is an update to their yoshon statuses. See below.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/370723923/Cert-Liebers-Yoshon#from_embed" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Cert Liebers Yoshon on Scribd">Cert Liebers Yoshon</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/user/9324555/shasdaf#from_embed" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View shasdaf's profile on Scribd">shasdaf</a> on Scribd</div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.7729220222793488" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_30090" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/370723923/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-D29ibOx06rtuRM4VhnbY&show_recommendations=true" title="Cert Liebers Yoshon" width="100%"></iframe>The Talmidhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03864554535184476585noreply@blogger.com0